SECTION 5: CONTROLLING DEVICES
24.
What is processing (P.259)
Processing is the changing of data from one
form to another being generally input data to output information in which
humans are able to use.
25.
Provide an overview of the CPU's function.
Include an overview of the microprocessor and the co-processor (p. 259).
The CPU is a part of the computer in which
processes and controls functions within the computer. CPU’s can be either a
microprocessor or co-processor. A microprocessor refers to a system that uses
only one silicon chip. Some devices that use only one silicon chip include
cameras, phones and digital watches. Co-processor chips however are integrated
circuits or multiple chips that assist the CPU with the processing tasks at
hand. An example of a co-processor is a mathematics co-processor that
formulates mathematical calculations.
26.
There are 5 key components of the CPU. Please
describe them below (see p. 260, Table 8.6)
CPU components:
Register
|
An electronic circuit
capable of temporary storing binary digits.
|
Arithmetic logic unit
|
A digital circuit that
performs integer and logical operations.
|
System clock
|
Represents a computers notion of the passing of time.
|
Control unit
|
A component in which
directs and controls all operations of the processor.
|
Buses
|
Wires that transfer
signals containing data between components of the computer or several.
|
27.
Include a picture of the CPU's components
below. There is a diagram on p. 259 (Fig. 8.25) that you can use, or you can
use a similar diagram that follows.
![](file:///C:/Users/BENGLE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png)
![](file:///C:/Users/BENGLE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png)
|
![Description: http://yoram.info/ICE/images/Pictures%20and%20Diagrams/020%20020%20030%20CPU.jpg](file:///C:/Users/BENGLE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.jpg)
|
![](file:///C:/Users/BENGLE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png)
![Description: http://tieupworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/real-time-OS.png](file:///C:/Users/BENGLE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png)
29.
Software is
used to control robots. Identify 3 types of software that is used to control
robots and give an overview of the software. Lego NXT can be one example,
see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lego_Mindstorms_NXT
Lego
Mindstorms NXT- Is a
software package that enables a user to program and write instructions for the
NXT brick in what tasks and steps to follow. E.g. Move forward and then turn
right. The written code containing the steps in which the robot has to follow
is then downloaded via USB or Bluetooth onto the brick in which then takes the
input data and then performs the output tasks.
Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio- a Windows based
platform that is purpose to achieve robot control and simulation. Microsoft
Robotics Developer Studio provides a wide range of support application that
makes it easy to develop robot code including a program model in which the user
can follow in order to achieve successful robot control and simulation. The
Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio uses a programming framework that can be
used and applied to program a wide range of different robots.
OpenRDK- OpenRDK is a modular software framework that is focused on development of commercial
robotic systems that has been targeted to many professional robotic companies
in countries such as Italy and Spain. OpenRDK has been applied in many diverse applications
with heterogeneous robots with very unique applications.
30. Provide an overview of a PLC
PLC, also
known as a programmable logic controller is a digital computer used for
automation of electromechanical processes. PLC’s are designed to perform
multiple input and output arrangements with extended
temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration
and impact. Programs that control the PLC’s in which are operated by humans are
stored in the non-volatile memory.
31. Give 3 examples of where PLC's can be used.
-Assembly
lines
-Amusement
rides
-Light
fixtures
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